Design And Performance Analysis of a Hybrid ΒΩ-Indexing Fractal Slotted Multiband Antenna for Wireless Sensor Applications

Abstract

“This research presents the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a hybrid βΩ-indexing fractal slotted multiband antenna tailored for wireless sensor and communication applications. The antenna, developed on an FR4 substrate with compact dimensions of 39.05mm × 32.25mm × 1.6mm, demonstrates resonance at five narrow bands: 1.91 GHz, 3.12 GHz, 5.56 GHz, 10.75 GHz, and 13.94 GHz.” Its compatibility with PCS, rail mobile radio, WCDMA, X-band, and Ku-band systems establishes it as a versatile candidate for next-generation communication systems. Through hybrid fractal geometry integration, ground length optimization, and inset-fed design, the antenna exhibits improved gain, directivity, and impedance matching.