A Drone-Assisted Smart Irrigation and Fertilization System Using IoT-Enabled ESP32 CAM and Sensor Networks

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive smart agriculture system utilizing a drone-based monitoring approach with an ESP32 CAM and Non-contact temperature sensors for real-time crop observation. The system automates irrigation based on temperature and soil moisture data, improving water efficiency and crop health management. Soil moisture sensors and ESP32 placed in the field continuously monitor the moisture levels, while an ESP32 in the pump shed controls a submersible motor for irrigation, triggered by data from both the moisture sensors and the drone’s temperature readings. Additionally, the system applies fertilizer based on leaf condition analysis captured through live aerial imaging. This Internet of Things (IoT)-driven solution demonstrates significant potential in optimizing water usage, enhancing crop monitoring, and enabling precision agriculture practices.