High-Efficiency Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind-Battery Energy System Using Multi-Level Inverter for Residential Applications

Abstract

The global energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions, enhance energy reliability, and promote decentralized power systems. In this context, hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are emerging as a viable solution to overcome the intermittency and variability associated with standalone renewable sources. This study presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a grid-connected hybrid energy system that integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) power, offshore wind energy, and battery energy storage to meet the dynamic energy requirements of residential households. The proposed architecture utilizes a multi-level inverter (MLI) to convert regulated DC power into high-quality AC output with negligible harmonic distortion, thus ensuring compatibility with grid standards and improving power delivery efficiency.

To ensure optimal power extraction from the renewable sources under varying irradiance and wind conditions, advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed across both the PV and wind subsystems. A coordinated energy management system governs the operation of the inverter, battery, and DC-DC converters to balance generation, storage, and load demands dynamically. The system simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink, accounting for real-world fluctuations in solar radiation and wind speed. Results indicate that the system consistently meets a residential load of 120 W while achieving a peak AC output of 237.5 W with 0.00% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The energy harvested from the PV and wind systems amounts to 146 kWh and 136.7 kWh respectively, confirming the system’s capacity for long-term energy self-sufficiency.

The integration of a battery storage unit enhances resilience by storing surplus energy during peak generation and supplying power during low renewable availability. Furthermore, the modular design of the multi-level inverter enables scalability, making the system adaptable for different load sizes and geographic locations. This research underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of hybrid renewable configurations in delivering clean, reliable, and grid-compliant electricity for residential applications, thereby contributing to the broader goals of sustainable energy development and smart grid integration.