A Comprehensive Comparison of Floating and Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Systems: A Review

Abstract

As global energy demand rises and climate change concerns intensify, there is a growing need for innovative energy solutions. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as a sustainable option, but land availability and environmental impacts remain significant challenges. Floating Solar PV (FPV) systems offer a promising alternative, particularly in regions with limited land resources. This study aims to compare Floating PV systems with traditional ground-mounted PV systems, assessing their efficiency, energy potential, and the advantages of overcoming the limitations of ground-based installations. The objective is to determine how FPV systems can address the growing demand for renewable energy while minimizing environmental impact. The research involves an in-depth review of recent global case studies, industry reports, and academic research on Floating PV systems. Comparative analyses focus on factors like land use, environmental impact, and energy efficiency to evaluate the viability and future of FPV systems. The review reveals that Floating PV systems offer distinct advantages, such as the utilization of water bodies to avoid land use conflicts and a reduction in environmental impact. These systems show promise in improving energy efficiency by maintaining lower operating temperatures compared to ground-mounted systems. Furthermore, the potential for scaling FPV in untapped markets is significant. Floating PV systems present a transformative solution for meeting rising energy demands while addressing land scarcity and environmental concerns. This study highlights the critical role of FPV in the future of renewable energy adoption and provides valuable insights for decision-makers in the energy sector.