A Cohort Retrospective Study on Factors Associated with Mortality in Multiple Trauma

Abstract

Trauma is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and a high percentage (50-60%) of trauma patients die from injuries before reaching the hospital. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of some pre-hospital factors related to the mortality of multi-trauma patients. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, multiple trauma patients referred to the emergency department of our center (a trauma center in the west of Iran) from 2021 to 2022 were included. Demographic and clinical information was collected and recorded using hospital registry information. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Of 2876 trauma patients included, 2119 cases (73.7%) were men and 757 cases (26.3%) were women. The mean and standard deviation of the age of patients, by gender, in men and women were 20.23 ± 38.63 and 24.01 ± 49.97, respectively. 25 women and 22 men died due to trauma. The most common mode of transportation to the hospital was by private vehicle and ground ambulance with a frequency of 1517 and 1302 respectively. Also, 342 people were injured due to overturning ,748 people were injured due to collision and 1786 people were injured due to other types of trauma. The most common cause was road traffic accidents and falling was the most common second cause of trauma. Based on multivariable logistic regression, the variables of gender, mechanism of Injury and ISS (Injury severity score) had a significant effect on the mortality rate of patients. The most rate of mortality was in elderly women and in vehicle collisions. It seems necessary to conduct focused investigations on how to provide preventive measures in this group of society. Also, in addition to trying to modify factors causing collisions, conducting studies on initial advanced treatment interventions in high-risk patients in the field may reduce the death rate of trauma patients and it’s burden on the health system.