Developments in Thermal Engineering: A Review on the Strategies of EV Car Battery Thermal Management

Abstract

In the late 19th century, Electric Vehicles (EVs) first came into existence and were developed and undergone profound changes over recent decades. Since electricity renders a level of silence, comfort, and simple operation that can’t be attained by the gasoline engine cars of the time, it is one of the most preferred ideas for motor vehicle propulsion. The vehicles that are powered by electric motors employing energy stored in rechargeable batteries or any other energy-storing device are called EVs. Electricity is utilized by the EV as their primary energy source. Advancement in the transportation sector with the need for a sustainable and eco-friendly environment is signified by electric cars. The major source of modern electronic transportation is EV batteries. EV batteries are developing centered on traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for more sustainable transportation and improvement of electric mobility. Thermal Management (TM) ensures that the battery operates within the optimal temperature range, thus improving efficiency and preventing overheating. The cooling system, Phase Change Material (PCM), liquid cooling, and heating system are utilized for effective TM and overall vehicle performance to overcome the abovementioned issues. Thus, this review’s objective is to explain the EV Battery Thermal Management (BTM), cooling systems for TM of EV battery, Thermal Runaway (TR) prevention for TM of EV battery, the combination of EV battery thermal system with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and performance evaluation of TM of EV battery.