Textile Based Wearable Neck Collar Antenna for Early Detection of Thyroid Cancer

Abstract

A Textile-based co-planar Tri-slotted Rectangular Patch (TSRP) antenna of dimensions 100×30×1.05 mm3 is proposed for early detection of the thyroid cancer. In the designing process, textile material denim is used as a substrate with dielectric constant (εr) 1.7 and the technique of DGS (Defected Ground Structure) is used to overcome the drawback of narrow bandwidth. The proposed TSRP antenna is designed for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band applications, which covers the frequency range from (2.25 - 3) GHz and resonates at 2.41 GHz. The bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the antenna when simulated in free space are 0.75 GHz, with an S11 of -47.68 dB respectively. The gain of the TSRP antenna in free space is 2.62dBi. The characteristics of the antenna are varied when placed on the thyroid gland. When the TSRP antenna is placed on the human tissue without tumor, it resonates at 2.12 GHz frequency and covers the range of (1.61 - 2.72) GHz frequency whereas with tumor, it resonates at 2.17GHz frequency and covers the range of (1.66 to 2.71) GHz frequency. The gain and reflection coefficient of antenna when simulated on body without tumor are -8.81 dBi, -16.61dB. Similarly, with tumor the gain and reflection coefficient are 3.63dBi, -14.62dB. The antenna is said to be helpful for thyroid cancer detection because, the reflection coefficient shows variation when placed on with and without tumor cells. The main lobe magnitude of the antenna is observed as 2.31dBi for E-plane and -2.44dBi in H-plane. SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) for the antenna in bent state when simulated on Body without tumor is 1.77 W/kg. The TSRP antenna is simulated using CST (Computer Software Technology) Simulation software.