Stackelberg Game-based Coordinative Dispatch of EV Charging Stations and Urban Distribution Systems Considering Temporal-spatial Dynamic Traffic Flow

Abstract

This paper proposes a Stackelberg Game-based coordinative dispatch model of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and urban distribution systems (UDS) considering temporal-spatial dynamic traffic flow. The model is formulated hierarchically and consists of an upper-level problem and two lower-level problems. Firstly, a detailed EVCS dispatching model considering both electricity prices and charging service prices is developed in the upper-level. Then the electricity pricing model of UDS and travel decision model of EV users are proposed in the lower model. Particularly, a temporal-spatial dynamic model is developed to capture the traffic flow evolution in urban transport network preciously. EVCS, UDS operator (DSO) and EV users can make decisions independently as different stakeholders. Finally, a multi-layer iterative framework is designed to capture the tripartite benefit equilibrium of distribution grid, EV charging stations, and EV users, and to realize the effective solution of the model. Numerical studies based on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed approach.