An Improved Asynchronous MAC Protocol (IA-MAC) For Optimization Of Energy & Latency Of Wireless Sensor Network For Continuous Surveillance Applications Having Infrequent Critical Data
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Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are integral to applications requiring long-term deployment and infrequent data transmission, such as environmental monitoring, structural health assessment, and disaster management. However, conventional Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are not optimized for energy-efficiency and latency due to their reliance on periodic idle listening and frequent control message exchanges. This paper introduces a novel Wake-Up Receiver (WuRx)-based MAC protocol i.e. improved asynchronous MAC (IA-MAC) designed to optimize energy consumption, communication efficiency, collision rate, latency and idle listening in WSN application for 24x7 continuous monitoring with rare data transmission requirements. The proposed protocol leverages ultra-low-power wake-up receivers to eliminate the need for continuous listening with main transceiver, allowing sensor nodes to remain in sleep mode until explicitly triggered by an external event or data transmission request. Simulation and real-world deployment results demonstrate significant energy savings, extended network lifetime, and enhanced responsiveness to critical events. The protocol is particularly suited for low-duty-cycle applications such as forest fire detection, structural integrity monitoring, and remote wildlife tracking, where energy efficiency and prompt event-driven communication are paramount. This approach provides a scalable and robust solution for future energy-constrained WSN deployments. The use of high-range main transceivers combined with wake-up radio technology allows IA-MAC to achieve efficient data transmission with minimal energy consumption, even in high- density node deployments. The findings demonstrate that IA- MAC effectively mitigates issues like false wake-ups and unnecessary energy usage, which are prevalent in other protocols. Furthermore, the protocol ensures reliable multi- hop communication and supports emergency data transmission, making it highly suitable for critical applications such as environmental, structural health monitoring and disaster management.
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