The Impact of Pre-Sowing Laser Treatment on Wheat Seed Germination and Quality

Abstract

Laser technologies play a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of agricultural crops, particularly in improving seed quality and germination. This study investigates the effects of laser irradiation on wheat seeds using various wavelengths (450–1200 nm) and laser operation modes (continuous and pulsed). The experiment involved three different treatment durations: 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Key parameters such as seed germination, germination energy, seedling biomass, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes — catalase and peroxidase — were evaluated. The results showed that the most pronounced effects were observed with 10 minutes of laser treatment. Seed germination increased by 23%, and seedling biomass by 20%, compared to the control group. Laser treatment also activated the plants’ antioxidant system, which enhanced their resistance to environmental stress factors such as drought and oxidative stress. In addition, it was found that laser treatment significantly accelerated the initial stages of seed germination, leading to earlier seedling development. These findings demonstrate that laser treatment stimulates important biochemical processes in seeds, contributing to their growth and development. This technology can be effectively used to increase wheat yield and other crops, providing an eco-friendly method for growth stimulation that reduces the need for chemical growth stimulators, fostering more sustainable agriculture.