Leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) Filters to Enhance Speaking Fluency in Distance Teaching and Learning: A TUP Framework Evaluation

Abstract

This study explores Augmented Reality (AR) filters utilization by English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers to improve speaking fluency teaching in distance learning environments, particularly in informal, out-of-school contexts. Since distance and flexible learning accelerated after the COVID-19 outbreak, using AR as a mobile technology is prevalent in language teaching and learning. Numerous studies have highlighted that AR provides innovative solutions for enhancing student engagement and oral language proficiency in language instruction. This research employed the Technology Usability Pedagogy (TUP) model to evaluate the AR filters for ESL speaking fluency teaching through the technological functionality, ease of use, and pedagogical effectiveness. Qualitative research method was employed in this study. Data were collected from ESL teachers interviews and teaching artefacts and the data revealed that AR filters provided platform for distance speaking tasks, allowed for personal feedback, and created simulated environment in informal setting making them particularly effective for developing fluency outside traditional classroom. This study highlights how AR filters are generally user-friendly for teachers, while also offering pedagogically rigorous approaches to speaking fluency. Nevertheless, the participants asserted challenges such as limited access to network in distance teaching context and digital literacy for teachers in under-resourced areas. Despite these limitations, findings suggest that AR filters can significantly improve distance teaching of speaking fluency by enhancing student engagement and facilitating continuous speaking fluency instruction beyond formal classroom setting. This study contributes to growing body of research on augmented reality in language instruction, specifically within the ESL environment, and offers practical suggestions for future studies in language education and acquisition.