Retrospective Epidemiological and Molecular Taxonomy Study of malaria in Brazil: Insights into Transmission Dynamics and Genetic Diversity

Abstract

Malaria is a significant public health problem in Brazil, especially in the Amazon regions. This retrospective study combines epidemiological data and molecular analyses to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of malaria parasites in the country. We used 10 years of epidemiological surveillance data and conducted molecular analyses of Plasmodium isolates. We observed a high incidence of malaria in certain regions, with pronounced seasonal variations. Molecular analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity, with different parasite lineages and subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified genetic clusters related to local transmission and potential introductions of exogenous lineages. These findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of malaria in Brazil. We recommend continuing epidemiological surveillance, conducting more in-depth genetic investigations, and fostering collaboration between researchers and healthcare professionals to address the challenges of malaria in the country. Understanding these aspects is crucial for the development of effective strategies for malaria control and elimination.