Advancements in Real-Time Estimation of Power System Inertia Considering Normal Load Variations – A Comparative Review

Abstract

The increasing trend in grid-integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power systems in conjunction with an overall decrease in the number of conventional generators results in a lower system inertia, which is crucial for power systems stability. Therefore, to implement the proper control measures to guarantee the stability of power systems in real-time, the estimation of power system inertia is necessary. Recent years have seen significant progress in real-time power system inertia estimation, particularly when taking normal load variations into account. This review aims at presenting the highlights of the developments made in recent years in this particular field. To effectively evaluate power system inertia in dynamic contexts considering normal load variations, researchers have concentrated on creating novel methodologies. The stability and reliability of power systems have to be greatly improved, by incorporating real-time data and novel advanced algorithms. The study critically evaluates and compares a range of inertia estimation methods in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency in real-time applications, adaptability to varying load conditions, robustness against disturbances, and overall reliability of the inertia estimation approaches.