Adaptive Distributed Control for Microgrids Facing Topological Changes and Generation Variability

Abstract

In microgrid operation and control, particularly in islanded mode, numerous critical issues must be addressed to achieve satisfactory performance. Controlling a microgrid to support the plug-and-play functionality of distributed generating (DG) units under varying communication topologies and generation intermittency is particularly challenging. To tackle these issues in a DC microgrid, this paper presents the design of an adaptive dynamic consensus algorithm-based distributed secondary controller. This distributed controller adapts to the generation intermittency of renewable-based DGs without any energy storage support while also enabling the seamless integration of DG units into the existing structure. Proportional loading and global voltage regulation are accomplished by supplementing the primary droop controller with correction terms generated by the consensus controller. The proposed scheme is fully distributed, relying solely on the consensus controller embedded within the DG unit’s controller. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed consensus-based cooperative control scheme in achieving proportional load sharing with variable generation from renewable-based DGs under changing communication topologies.